PEAS

It belongs to Leguminaceae family. It is a cool season crop grown throughout the world. Green pods are used for vegetable purpose and dried peas are used as pulse. In India, it is cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka and Bihar. It is rich source of proteins, amino acids and sugars. Green peas straw is good source of nutritional fodder for live stocks.  
Aligarh, Kasganj areas of Uttar Pradesh is major pea growing belt.
 

It can grow on various soil type from sandy loam to clay soils. It gives best results when grown under well drained soil with pH range of 6 to 7.5. Crop cannot withstand in water logging conditions. For acidic soil, do liming.

Rachna: It is suitable growing in whole Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 130-135 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

KPM: It is suitable for Bundelkhand areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 125-130 days. Gives average yield of 12-13 qtl/acre.

Shikha: Ready to harvest after 125-130 days. Gives average yield of 10-12 qtl/acre.

Malviya Matar 2: It is suitable for eastern areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 125-130 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

Malviya Matar 15: It is suitable to grow in whole Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 120-125 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

JP 885: It is suitable for Bundelkhand areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 130-135 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

DDR 23 (Pusa Prabhat): It is suitable for eastern areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 100-105 days. Gives average yield of 6-7 qtl/acre.

Pant Matar 5: It is suitable for plains areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 130-135 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

Adarsh: It is suitable for Bundelkhand areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 130-135 days. Gives average yield of 9-10 qtl/acre.

Vikas: It is a dwarf variety. Ready to harvest in 100-105 days. Gives average yield of 9-10 qtl/acre.

Jay: It is suitable for western areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 125-130 days. Gives average yield of 12-14 qtl/acre.

Sapna: It is suitable to grow in whole Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 120-125 days. Gives average yield of 12-13 qtl/acre.

Prakash: It is suitable for Bundelkhand areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 110-115 days. Gives average yield of 11-13 qtl/acre.

Hariyal: It is suitable for normal sowing under irrigated conditions. It is resistant to nematode. Gives average yield of 9 qtl/acre.

Palathi Matar: It is suitable for eastern areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 125-130 days. Gives average yield of 9-12 qtl/acre.

Pant P 42: Suitable for Eastern areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 130-140 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

Aman: It is suitable for western areas of Uttar Pradesh. Ready to harvest in 120-125 days. Gives average yield of 10-12 qtl/acre.

Kashi Nandini: Released by Indian institute of vegetable research, Varanasi. Pods are long. Variety is tolerant to leaf miner and pod borer. It gives yield of 32-40 qtl/acre. 

Kashi Uday: It is an early maturing variety, released by Indian institute of vegetable research, Varanasi.

Other state varieties:

Arkel: It is a dwarf and early maturing variety with long, dark green pods. Gives yield of 16-18 qtl/acre.

Bonneville: Medium duration with sweet grains pods. Gives average yield of 36 qtl/acre.

Multi Freezer: Late maturing variety with sweet, tender pods. It is tolerant to frost. Gives average yield of 25 qtl/acre.

Azad P-I: It is a dwarf variety with wrinkle grains. Gives average yield of 16 qtl/acre.

Early E-6: Developed by Punjab Agricultural University. Gives average yield of 40 qtl/acre.

Early Season Variety

Asauji: Developed at IARI.

Early Superb: Dwarf variety from England.

Little Marvel: Dwarf variety from England.

Jawahar Matar 3: Gives average yield of 16 qtl/acre.

Jawahar Matar 4: Gives average yield of 28 qtl/acre.

Mid Season Variety

Alderman, Perfection New line, T 19

Lincon: It gives average yield of 40 qtl/acre. 

Jawahar Matar 1: It gives average yield of 48 qtl/acre.

Pant Uphar: It gives average yield of 40 qtl/acre. 

Ooty 1: It gives average yield of 48 qtl/acre. 

Jawahar Pea 83: It gives average pod yield of 48-52 qtl/acre.

Jawahar Peas 15: It gives average pod yield of 52 qtl/acre.
 

After kharif crop harvesting, to obtained fine seed bed do one to two ploughing. Along with ploughing take 2-3 harrowing and do planking after ploughing operation. Field should be level to avoid waterlogging conditions in soil. Give pre-sowing irrigation before sowing of crop, it will help in good germination of crop.

To protect crop from soil borne pest and disease, apply Trichoderma viride@10 kg/acre mixed in well decomposed cowdung@25-30 kg per acre, at time of last ploughing.


 

Time of sowing
To obtain good yield complete sowing between October to Middle of November. Further delay in sowing will lead to yield loss.

Spacing
Use spacing of 30-40 cm between rows and 3-5 cm between plants. 
 
Sowing Depth
Depending upon soil moisture, depth of sowing varies from 5 to 7.5 cm.

Method of sowing
For sowing use drilling or dibbling method.
 

Seed Rate
For tall varieties, use seed rate of 32-40 kg/acre and for dwarf varieties use seed rate of 50 kg/acre.

Seed Treatment
Before sowing, treat seed with Captan or Thiram@3 gm/kg of seed or Carbendazim@2.5 gm/kg of seed. After chemical treatment, treat seeds with Rhizobium leguminosorum culture for better quality and yield. The culture material is emulisified in 10 percent sugar solution or jaggery solution. Mix thoroughly the emulsified culture with seed and dry in shade. It will increase yield upto 8-10%.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

At time of sowing apply Nitrogen@13 kg in form of Urea@30 kg, Phosphorus@24 kg in form of Superphosphate@150kg and Potash@18kg/acre in form of MOP@30 kg/acre. Drilled complete dose of phosphorus, potash and half dose of nitrogen at time of sowing. Apply remaining dose nitrogen one month after sowing. For dwarf varieties apply additional 8 kg of Nitrogen at time of sowing.
 

Depending upon variety it required one or two weeding. First weeding is done either at 2-3 leaves stage or 3-4 weeks after sowing and second weeding is done before flowering. Using herbicides is the effective method of controlling weeds in peas cultivation. Mixed Fluchloralin 45EC@800 ml/acre in 100-150 Ltr of water and apply in field before seed sowing. Pendimethline@1.2 qtl/acre and Basalin@1 ltr/acre give good results in controlling the weeds. Apply herbicides within 48 hours of sowing.

After sowing it requires one or two irrigation. Apply first irrigation during pre-flowering and second at pod formation stage. Heavy irrigation leads to the yellowing of plants and thus reducing the yield.

 

• Pest and their control:
  

Pea leaf Miner: Larva of leaf minor create tunnel in leaves. Due infestation loss of 10-15% is observed.
If infestation is observed, take spray of Dimethoate 30EC@300 ml in 80-100 Ltr water per acre. If necessary repeat the spray after 15 days.

Pea Thrips and Aphid: They suck cell saps leads to yellowing of crop and thus decreases yield of crop.
If infestation is observed, take spray of Dimethoate 30EC@400 ml in 80-100 Ltr water per acre. If necessary repeat the spray after 15 days.
 

Pod borer: Pod borers are the most serious pests of pea. They bore flowers and pods, causing 10-90% losses, if left unprotected. 

When infestation is in initial stage, take spray of Carbaryl@900gm/100Ltr of water per acre. If necessary repeat the spray after 15 days. In case of severe infestation take spray of Chlorpyriphos@1 Ltr or Acephate@800 gm in 100 Ltrs of water per acre with manually operated knapsack sprayer.
 

• Disease and their control:

Wilt: The roots turn black and the later rot away. Plant growth is stunted and discoloured, foliage turn yellow and downward curling of stipules and leaflets take place. The entire plant wilts and stem shrivels.

Control measures :Treat seeds with Thiram@3gm/Ltr water or Carbendazim@2gm/Ltr water of water before sowing and avoid early sowing in badly affected areas. Follow three year crop rotation. Drench the infected area with Carbendazim@5gm/Ltr water. Destroy the weed hosts such as Lathyrus vicia etc.

Rust: Yellowish, brown spherical pustules can be observed on stems, leaves, branch and pods.

Spray Mancozeb@25gm/Ltr of water or Indofil@400gm/100Ltr of water on disease appearance and repeat the spray at 10-15 days intervals.
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Powdery Mildew: Patchy, White powdery growth appears on lower side of leaves, branches and pods. It parasitizes the plant using it as a food source. It can be developed at any stage of crop development. In severe infestation it causes defoliation.

If infestation is observed, take spray of Karathane 40EC@80 ml in 100 Ltr water per acre. Take three sprays of Karathane with interval of 10 days.

Use powdery mildew resistive varieties like Rachna, Pant Matar 5, Malviya matar 2 etc.

The green peas pods should be harvested at proper stage. Harvesting of peas may start as soon as peas started changing color from dark to green. Multiple pickings like, 4 to 5 pickling can be done within the 6 to 10 days interval. Yield depends on the variety, soil fertility and management of the field.

Storage is done at low temperature to increase the availability of green pods for longer duration. Packing is done in gunny bags, corrugted fibre board boxex, plastic containers and bamboo baskets.