BARLEY(JOW)

Barley is generally called “Jau”, Uttar Pradesh is major barley producing state along with Rajasthan and Bihar. In UP, Bundelkhand region is main barley producing tract. It possesses excellent drought resistance capacity. Barley is consumed by human as well as by cattle. It is also used for malting purpose, beer and in ayurvedic medicines etc. 

Barley can be cultivated on significant number of soil such as sodic, light & saline soil. Although, it give best result when grown on moderately heavy loam to sandy soils with good drainage capacity and having moderate fertility. Acidic soils are not suitable for barley cultivation.

Ratna: Developed at IARI, New Delhi. It is tolerant to saline-alkaline soil conditions. Ready to harvest in 125-130 days. Gives average yield of 10-12 qtl/acre.

Azad: Developed by C.S.A Kanpur. It is resistant to yellow rust disease. Gives higher yield when cultivated under irrigated conditions. Dual purpose variety, suitable for fodder and grains. Ready to harvest in 115-120 days. Gives average yield of 14-15 qtl/acre under irrigated conditions.

Vijaya: Developed by C.S.A Kanpur. Ready to harvest in 120-125 days. Gives average yield of 12-14 qtl/acre.

Dolama: Suitable for growing under rainfed hilly areas of UP. Ready to harvest in 140-150 days. It is resistant to yellow rust. It gives average yield of 12-15 qtl/acre.

Himani: Variety developed at Simla. Suitable for growing on medium and lower hills of UP. Gives average yield of 12.8-14 qtl/acre. 

LSB 2: Suitable for growing on higher hills of UP. Ready to harvest in 145-150 days. Gives average yield of 10-12 qtl/acre.

Amber: Developed by C.S.A Kanpur. Ready to harvest in 130-133 days. Suitable for growing under rainfed areas of UP. It is good for malting purpose. Gives average yield of 10-12 qtl/acre.

Jyoti: Developed by C.S.A Kanpur. Suitable for growing under irrigated areas of UP. Ready to harvest in 120-125 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.

C 164: Tall variety with compact ear. Grains are bold and amber. It is resistant to yellow rust. Suitable for cultivation under irrigated conditions.

BG 108: Developed at HAU, Hissar. Suitable for late sown cultivation. Ready to harvest in 120-125 days. It gives resistance to 120-125 days. Gives average yield of 8-10 qtl/acre.
 
Kedar: Developed at IARI, New Delhi. Suitable for late sown condition. Gives resistance to yellow rust.
 
Neelam: Developed at IARI, New Delhi. Grains are hulled and amber. Suitable for both irrigated and rainfed conditions.
 
PL 419: This variety suitable under rainfed condition. It has broad upright leaves. Plant height is 80cm. Resistant to yellow rust and smuts. Has thin husked bold seeds. Matures in 130 days. Gives average yield of 14 qtl/acre.
 
PL 172: Suitable for throughout Punjab state under irrigated condition. It is six row semi dwarf variety. Resistant to lodging. It is suitable for malting. It matures in 124 days. It gives average yield of 14 qtl/acre.
 
PL 807: Medium broad and upright leaves. It is highly resistive to lodging. Ears are dense and erect. Grains are of medium and light yellow colour. It is resistant to brown rust, yellow rust and loose rust. Ready to harvest in 137 days. Give average yield of 17.2 qtl/acre.
 
DWRUB52: This variety is having profuse tillering. Plant height is about 101 cm. Ears are dense, erect, arrow shaped and of medium size. It is resistant to brown rust, yellow rust and loose rust, covered smut and leaf blight disease. Give average yield of 17.3 qtl/acre.
 
VJM 201: Two variety having narrow and upright leaves. Plant height is of 118 cm. this variety prone to less lodging. Ears are dense and tapering. Grains are bold and white with thin husk. It is resistant to brown rust, yellow rust and loose rust and stripe disease. It is suitable for brewing industry. Matures in 135 days. It gives average yield of 14.8 qtl/acre.
 
RD 2035, BCU 73, DWRUB 64, RD 2503

PL 751, NARENDRA BARLEY 2, GETANJALI (K1149)

Plough land thoroughly and destroyed weeds. Ploughing should be followed by 2-3 harrowings to conserved moisture in soil. After ploughing or harrowing operation, do planking to make level soil also to conserved moisture in soil. The stubbles and roots of earlier crop should be hand-picked and dash out of the ground as it attracts termites.

Time of sowing
For optimum yield, complete sowing from 15 October to 15 November. For irrigated areas, complete sowing from 15 to 25 November. For rainfed areas, optimum time for cultivation is from 15th October to 10th November. If sowing get delayed yield will get declined also reduces grain quality and not suitable for malting.

Spacing
Use row to row spacing of 22.5 cm. In case of delay sowing, use spacing of 18-20 cm.
 
Sowing Depth
Use depth of 3-5 cm for crop under irrigated conditions and 5-8 cm depth for rainfed conditions.

Method of Sowing
For sowing use broadcasting or seed drill method.

Seed Rate
Seed rate vary with regions. For Uttar Pradesh use seed rate of 30-40kg/acre. In rainfed and saline soils use higher seed rate.

Seed Treatment
In saline and alkaline areas, before sowing soak seeds in water for 24 hour at normal temperature. To protect from fungal disease, treat seeds with Vitaxax or Thiram@3gm/kg of seeds. To make seed termites free it should be treated with 250 ml Formathion in 5.3 Ltr of water.
 

In initial stage of crop, weed control is necessary to obtained good crop growth along with good yield. Broad and narrow leaf are two major weeds in barley. To control broad leaf weed, apply post emergence weedicide 2,4-D@250gm/100Ltr of water per acre, 30-35 days after sowing.
 
To control narrow leaf weeds use Isoproturan 75%WP@500gm/100Ltr of water or Pendimethillin 30% EC@1.4Ltr/100Lltr water for one acre.
 

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Always apply fertilizer on the basis of soil test results. Under rainfed conditions, apply Nitrogen@8-16 kg/acre whereas for irrigated areas, apply Nitrogen@16-24 kg/acre. In case of dry land farming, apply Nitrogen@8 kg/acre. Apply Phosphorus@8 kg/acre for irrigated and timely sown conditions.
 
For rainfed areas, place whole amount of nitrogen in the soil at time of sowing. For irrigated areas, apply half dose of Nitrogen and full dose of Phosphorus at sowing time. Apply remaining dose of Nitrogen as a top dressing at the time of first irrigation.

• Pest and their control 

Army worm: Young larvae are light green in colour they turn in later stage they become yellow colour. They consumed Leaves from the edges or sometime completely. The clusters of egg are present on leaves appearing as a cottony or fuzzy. They are cyclic in nature showing 3 to 4 generation.
 
Control: Natural way to control armyworm is to allow the natural creatures that can parasitize the larvae which destroy the crops. Bacillus thuringiensis application is also beneficial for it.
 
Control: When the symptoms are noticed take dusting of Malathion 5%@9.6kg/acre or Quinalphos1.5% @9.6kg/acre. After harvesting remove weeds and stubble

 

Stinkbug: The bug is shield in shape and is either green or brown in colour having yellowish red marking. These bugs bring pathogenic organism carrying in their mouth and cause severe infection to the plant. The eggs are laid on leaves in the cluster form.

Control: To eradicate the stink bug naturally is to eliminate weed all around the crops. Permethrin and bifenthrin are two pesticide which used carefully kill the pests.
 

Wireworm: They are light brown in colour and there larval stage complete within 1-4 year. It damages seedling twist the stem and crown turns white in colour.

Control: Post-emergent pesticide is not available for wireworm control. But seed can be treated pre-emergent Cruiser Maxx® which contain Thiamethoxam@325mL/100kg of seeds.
 

Aphids: These are nearly transparent, soft-bodied sucking insects. When present in sufficient numbers, aphids can cause yellowing and premature death of leaves. Infestation usually occurs during second fortnight of January till crop.
 
For management of Aphid, use chrysoperla pradators, 4-6 thousand/acre, or use 50 gm/Ltr neem concentrate. In cloudy weather infestation of aphid is occurred. Spray with Thiomethoxam or Imidacloprid 30ml/acre in 100Ltr of water.

Ear head bug: Adults attack crop on milky stage. They feeds on emerging panicle and produces chaffy grains with silky webs. Eggs are of shiny white colour and found in cluster with orange hairs. Caterpillars are of brown colours with yellow band and minute hairs. Adults are of brownish colour having fibrous forewings and yellowish hind wings.
 
Control: To attract adult moth place light traps during day time. Place Pheremone trap @5/acre at flowering stage until panicle stage. In case of severe infestation spray Malathion or Carbaryl@1gm/Ltr of water.

Grass hopper: Nymphs and adults feeds on leaves. Nymphs are of whitish colour with lines while adults are greenish brown in colour with lines on body.

Control: After harvesting remove all plant remains and follow proper sanitation, cleanliness in the field. Do ploughing after harvesting also in summer so that egg present in soil get exposed to sun and thus get destroyed. If infestation is observed spray with Spray Carbaryl 50WP@400gm/acre.

Thrips: Mostly observed in dry weather. To check severity of thrips incidence, keep blue sticky traps @6-8 per acre. Also to reduce the incidence spray Verticillium lecani@5gm/Ltr water

2) If incidence of thrips is more, then take spray of Imidacloprid 17.8SL or Fipronil@1ml/Ltr water or Fipronil 80%WP@2.5ml/Ltr of water or Acephate 75% WP@1.0gm/Ltr or do drenching of Thiamethoxam 25% WG@1.0gm/Ltr of water.

• Diseases and their control

Powdery mildew: Greyish white powdery growth appears on the leaf, sheath, stem and floral parts. Powdery growth later become black lesion and cause drying of leaves and other parts. The disease infects plants during periods of high humidity and cool to moderate temperatures. Low light intensity, which accompanies dry weather and a dense crop canopy favours this disease.
 
When incidence of disease is observed, spray with Wettable sulphur@2gm/Ltr of water or Carbendazim@200gm/acre. In case of high incidence spray with Propioconazole@1ml/Liter of water.

Stripe/Yellow rust: The ideal growth conditions for yellow rust are temperatures of between 8-13oC for spore germination and penetration, and 12-15oC for further development and with free water. The yield penalties from yellow rust can range from 5% to as high as 30% in high disease pressure scenarios. The pustules of stripe rust, which, contain yellow to orange-yellow urediospores, usually form narrow stripes on the leaves.

For control of this disease, use rust resistant variety. Follow crop rotation and adopt mix cropping pattern. Avoid excess use of Nitrogen. When symptom observed, do dusting of Sulphur@35-40kg/ha or take spray of Mancozeb @2gm/Ltr or spray the crop with Propiconazole 25EC@1ml / litre of water.

Flag smut: It is seed borne disease. Infection spread through wind. It is favoured by cool, humid conditions during flowering period of the host plant.

Treat the seed with fungicides like carboxin 75WP@2.5gm/kg of seeds, Carbendazim @ 2.5gm/kg seed, Tebuconazole @1.25gm/kg of seed if the disease level in the seed lot is high. If it is low to moderate, treat the seed with a combination of Trichoderma viride@4gm/kg seed) and half the recommended dose of Carboxin (Vitavax 75WP) @1.25gm/kg seed).

Crop matures at end of March or April depending upon variety use. To avoid over ripening avoid delay in harvesting. The right stage for harvesting is when moisture in grain reaches to 25-30%. For manual harvesting use serrate edge sickles. Store in dry place after harvesting.

Use for malting purpose.