JUTE

Jute is important cash crops of India i.e. of eastern India. It is exported as raw fiber as well as in form of goods. India and Bangladesh are major Jute producing countries in world. West Bengal, Assam, Northern Bihar, south-eastern Orissa, Tripura and eastern Uttar Pradesh are major jute growing areas. Jute fiber is used for manufacturing hessian, sacking and carpet backing. It is also used for making mats, tarpaulins, ropes and twines. Jute leaves are cooked and consumed as vegetable.
In Uttar pradesh it is successfully cultivated on alluvial soils of tarai region.

Jute can be cultivated on all kinds of soils from clay to sandy loam, but it gives good result on loamy alluvial soil.  Laterite and gravel soils are not suitable for this crop. It can tolerate pH range of 5.0-7.4.

Capsularis: It is also known as white jute. Its leaves are bitter in taste. February-March is optimum time for sowing. It consists of following varieties.

J.R.C 321: Early maturing variety. Suitable for low land areas. February-March is optimum time for sowing.

J.R.C 212: Suitable for medium as well as high altitude areas. March to April is optimum time for sowing. Suitable for late sowing.

U.P.C 94 (Reshma): Suitable for low land areas. Third week of February to 15th March is optimum time for sowing.

J.R.C 698: Suitable for low land areas. Sowing can be done in March end.

N.D.C (Ankit): Suitable for low land areas. 15th February to 15th March is optimum time for sowing. Suitable for cultivation in all over India.

N.D.C 9102: Suitable for cultivation in Eastern UP.

Olitorius: It is also called as Tossa Jute. It cannot withstand in water logged conditions. Its Fiber is of high quality and superior than Capsularis. 

J.R.O 632: Suitable for late sowing and high land. Gives higher yield and gives high quality fiber. Suitable for sowing in month of April and in last week of May.

J.R.O 878: Suitable for all soils. Suitable for sowing in mid of march to may end.

J.R.O 7835: High yielding variety.

J.R.O 524 : Ready to harvest in 120-140days.

J.R.O 66: Suitable for sowing in month of May-June. High yielding variety and ready to harvest in 100days.

Other State variety

RC 7447, D 154, JRC 1108, JRO 620, and C.G

Ploughed land thoroughly and bring soil to fine tilth. After ploughing, make soil weed and stubble free. Then levelled soil properly. Add 2-4ton/acre of well decomposed cow dung at time of field preparation.

Time of sowing
For Capsularis varieties, complete sowing from February to March. Whereas for Olitorius varieties April End to May end is optimum time for Jute sowing.

Spacing
Use row to row spacing of 30cm and plant to plant spacing of 5-7cm.
 
Sowing Depth
Avoid deep sowing of seed. Sow seed at depth of 2cm to 3cm.

Method of sowing
For sowing, use drilling or broadcasting method.

Seed Rate
For Capsularis varieties, use seed rate of 3-4kg per acre. And for Olitorius variety, use seed rate of 2-3kg/acre. When sowing is done by broadcasting method, higher seed rate is required i.e 3.5-4 kg/acre.

Seed Treatment
To protect seeds from soil borne pest and disease, treat seeds with Thiram@3gm/kg of seed or with Carbendazim@2gm per kg of seed.   
 

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

For Capsularis varieties, apply Nitrogen@24kg, Phosphorus@12kg and Potash@12kg/acre in form of Urea@53kg, SSP@75kg and MOP@20kg per acre.

Whereas for Olitorius varieties, apply Nitrogen@16kg, Phosphorus@8kg and Potash@8kg per acre in form of Urea@36kg/acre, SSP@50kg/acre and MOP@14kg/acre.

Apply full dose of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash before sowing.

 

Do weeding and thinning operation to keep field clean and weed free. Take weeding operation on 20-25th day after sowing. Simultaneously complete thinning operation (remove weaken plants) and make plant to plant distance of 5-7cm. To controlled weed chemically, apply Fluchloralin@1-1.5kg or Pendimethaline@1.3Ltr per acre, two to three days after sowing.
To control weeds in standing crops, take spray of Quitalofop ethyl@0.4kg/acre, 20-25days after sowing.  
 

For good germination of seeds, it required sufficient soil moisture. If moisture is not present in soil, provide pre-sowing irrigation. After sowing, provide two-three irrigation at interval of 20days. Germination and knee height stage are sensitive to water stress. Provide sufficient irrigation at this stage. It is sensitive to water logging as well as to drought conditions. In rainy season, avoid water logging condition in field. Provide proper drainage in field.

• Pest and their control:
  

Jute Semilooper: Late sown crops are more affected with these pests.
If infestation is observed, take spray of Carbaryl@500-800gm/100litre of water or Chlorpyriphos @200ml/100litre Or Cypermethrin 25%EC @ 80 ml /100 litre of water or Fenvalerate 20% EC @100ml/100litre of water. If necessary, take second spray with interval of 15days.
 

Stem weevil or Yellow mite or Bihar hairy caterpillar:
If infestation is observed, take spray of Chlorpyriphos @200ml/100litre Or Cypermethrin 25%EC @ 80 ml /100litre of water or Fenvalerate 20% EC @100ml/100liter of water. If necessary, take second spray with interval of 15days.
 

• Disease and their control:
  

Stem Rot or Root rot: As preventive measure, treat seeds with Carbendazim @ 3gm per kg of seed or Mancozeb@5gm per kg of seed or T. viridi@10gm per kg of seed.
If infestation is observed in field, take spray of Carbedazim@300gm/100litre of water in standing crop.
 

Powdery Mildew: If infestation is observed, dust crop with sulphur powder @6kg per acre.  

To obtained good quality fiber, do harvesting of crop 100 to 120days after sowing. Accurate time of harvesting is necessary, too early or too late harvesting will affect fiber quality. Cut plant close to ground where as in flooded region, uproot crop from field. After harvesting keep plants in field for two -  three days so that leaves get shades. Then tied plants in bundles. 

Retting is important operation for obtaining good quality fiber. Place bundles of jute in 60cm water. Cover them with water weeds and then keep weight of seasoned logs or of concrete blocks on them. Take care it should not touch to lower side of pond or river. It takes 15-20days for retting and then jute is ready for fiber extraction. Use Bacterial culture to increased speed of retting. It will also help in obtaining superior quality fiber.