Rice Crop

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the chief diet for all those of North Esat India. It has effective opportunity for organic rice manufacture in the area. Majority of the farmers in the area are compact as well as small and thus usually fail to utilize any chemical substance to rice. Organic rice cultivation utilizing appropriate features will never reduce the productivity, somewhat there will be range for improving yield.

Organic rice productivity implies reusing of crop rotation, plant residues, introduction of legumes in process equally in sequence or even in intercrop, green manuring, off-farm waste material reusing, usage of mineral rocks such as rock phosphate, mechanical cultivation, natural bug control as well as prevent usage of artificial agrochemicals with the entire objective of endurable formation, managing sources as well as ecological quality. Weed management, land fertility as well as control of bug and infections are the primary difficulties involved with organic rice formation.

In India rice is cultivated under broadly ranging scenarios of altitude as well as weather conditions. Rice plant requires a hot as well as moist weather. The standard temp necessary during the lifespan of the plant varies from 21°-37°C. During the tillering time plant needs a high temp as compared at growing time. Temp required during budding is the 26.5° - 29.5°C and also ripening period temp must be between 21°-26°C.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the chief diet for all those of North Esat India. It has effective opportunity for organic rice manufacture in the area. Majority of the farmers in the area are compact as well as small and thus usually fail to utilize any chemical substance to rice. Organic rice cultivation utilizing appropriate features will never reduce the productivity, somewhat there will be range for improving yield. 

Transplant: Arrange the soil properly then retain fine leveled with irrelevant bunding. Puddling must be carried out three to four times to turn it into weed free as well as water retentive. Use either V.C 2.5 t/ha + FYM 7.5 t/ha with 150 kg per hectare of Rock phosphate or  FYM 15 t/ha  twenty days before final ploughing. Almost all the phosphorus as well as potash and even 50 % of nitrogen must be integrated completely into the land at the last puddling. Regurgitated the entire the residues into the land.

Direct seeding: 2 cross trill (four ploughing) is essential to obtain fine tilth of land as well as weed less soil. Applying lime @ two t/ha at initial stage or rather 2nd ploughing is essential to attain superior yield. Lime must be administered about 1 to 2 weeks just before despersing the crop. Liming must be continued nearly every 3 to 5 yrs. The entire phosphorus as well as potash needs to be put into furrow before sowing. Grow lugume crop in the rice cultivated area after 2 to 3 yrs to increase the land fertility.

120 – 160 days based upon types as well as sowing time period.

Wet method: The moist technique could be implemented in places where water is accessible. Arrange refined beds of 5-10 cm level, 1-1.5 m breadth as well as of suitable length of channels for flow of water. The overall seedbed region must be thousand meter square per ha of the area to be transplanted. Use rice husk ash around 101 g/meter square as well as vermicompost about 500 g/meter square of the nursery and also blend properly with the land during groundwork of the field. Applying vermicompost decreases the occurrence of thrips. In case vermicompost is unavailable, use garden compost or even cattle manure about 1.01 kg/meter square in combination with 101 gram of rice husk ash/meter square of the nursery then blend properly with the land during processing of the area. Biofertilizers could also combined properly in nursery at about 2.01kg per 1000 meter square before sowing of seed.

Dry method: This technique is performed in places where adequate water is inaccessible and the time period of raising is not sure. Make refined beds of 1-1.5 m breadth 15 cm length. Use vermicompost @ 500 gram per meter square as well as ash of rice husk at about 100 gram per meter square of the nursery. In case vermicompost is unavailable, use garden compost or 100 g of ash rice hush per meter square with cattle manure about 1 kg/meter square of the nursery and then blend properly with the land during grounding of the area

The ideal period of transplanting is 1st fortnight of July for lower as well as middle altitude area. Period of transplanting must be regulated to prevent minimal temp at time of flowering particularly in high altitudes (above 1300 m). Thus, under higher altitude, transplanting must be accomplished within 16th June, if possible by 1st 7 days of June. For lower as well as middle altitude valley area, transplanting may be accomplished for aged seedling ( 40-45 days old ) as well as third week of July with spacing (15 x 10 cm) for normal. Seedling aged crops of 20-25 days and spacing about 20 x 15cm as well as 2-3 seedlings/hill is regarded as beneficial to suitable transplanted plant.

Green Manure: Leguminous green manures utilized in rice cropping process consist of Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea as well as  Sesbania speciosa. These are generally cultivated during the course of pre rice time between April to June along with biomass integrated into the land before rice is transplanted. When confined irrigation services are present, grain legumes like black gram, cowpea as well as green gram are often cultivated in summer time.

Early varities of rice reaches to its maturity around 1 month as well as 40 days for average to late developing forms. In higher altitude places, extra time might be taken to achieve maturity. Harvesting is conducted at the yellow-colored ripening phase to prevent shattering failure in area.