GINGER

Ginger, known as "Adrakh" is most important major spice crop of India. India is leading producer of Ginger. Karnataka, Orissa, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat are major ginger producing states.

In Himachal Pradesh, ginger is used as spices and cash crop. It is grown in 835 acres of land and gives an average yield of 667 tonnes. Sirmour, Solan, Shimla, Bilaspur, Mandi and Kangra are the major areas in Himachal Pradesh doing ginger farming. Its farming is done on 500-600m height areas.

It gives best results, when grown on well drained loamy soils also in sandy or clay loam or red loamy soils. Avoid water stagnation in field as it cannot survive in water logged conditions. Ideal pH range of 6-6.5 is required for good growth of crop. Avoid soil on which previously ginger was taken. Do not cultivate ginger crop on same site year after year.  
 

Himgiri: The variety is developed by UHF Solan (H.P.). The variety matures in 230 days. It gives an average yield of 50-60qtl/acre of green ginger and 20-25qtl/acre of dry ginger.

Suprabha: It produces plenty of tillering. It is used both as green and dry ginger. The variety matures in 225-230 days. It gives an average yield of 14qtl/acre.

Suruchi: The rhizomes are green yellow in color. The variety matures in 218 days. It gives an average yield of 8-9.2qtl/acre of dried rhizomes.

Surbhi: Rhizomes are cylindrical and its outer layer is dark brown in color. The variety matures in 225 days. It gives an average yield of 16qtl/acre of dried rhizomes.

Local varieties:

Nadia: This variety is grown in all over India. It gives an average yield of 200qtl/acre of green ginger and 40qtl/acre of dry ginger. Rhizomes contain 13% fiber content.
 
Thingpui: The variety is suitable for growing all over India.

Maran: The rhizomes contain 10% fiber contain. It gives an average yield of 160-180qtl/acre of green ginger and 30-40qtl/acre of dry ginger.

Rio de Janerio: The rhizomes contain 10% fiber contain. It gives an average yield of 100-125qtl/acre of green ginger and 10-20qtl/acre of dry ginger.

China: It gives an average yield of 70-80qtl/acre of green ginger and 10qtl/acre of dry ginger.

Prepare fields by ploughing the land two - three times. After ploughing do planking operation. For ginger planting, beds of 15 cm height, 1 m width and of convenient length are prepared. Keep distance of 50 cm between beds.
 

Time of sowing
For sowing in hilly areas, the optimum time is April-May month and for plain areas, sowing is done in May to June month.

Spacing
Keep plant distance of 15-20 cm between the row and 30 cm between two plants.

Sowing Depth
Depth should be near about 3-4 cm.

Method of sowing
Direct sowing also transplanting method is used for planting.
 

Seed Rate
For sowing, select fresh and diseased free rhizomes (mother rhizomes as well as fingers) are used. Seed rate of 6-6.5qtl/acre is sufficient for sowing one acre land.

Seed treatment
Before sowing, carry out rhizome treatment with Mancozeb@3 gm/Ltr of water. Dip rhizomes for 30min in solution. It will protect rhizomes from fungal infestation. After treatment, dry rhizomes in shade for 3-4 hours. 
 

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

At time of field preparation, apply well decomposed cow dung@160-200qtl/acre in soil. Apply N:P:K@18:5:20 kg/acre in form of Urea@41 kg/acre, SSP@33 kg/acre and MOP@33 kg/acre. Full dose of Potash and Phosphorus is applied at time of rhizome planting. Nitrogen dose is given in two equal splits. First half dose of N is given 75 days after planting and remaining half dose is given three month after planting. 

It is grown as rainfed crop so provide irrigation depending upon rainfall intensity and rainfall frequency.

Third day after plantation, take spray of Atrazine@4-5 gm/Ltr on moist soil. After weedicide application, cover field with green manure or paddy straw. After planting, to reduce the weed intensity crop is mulched with green leaves@50 qtl/acre. Repeat mulching@20 qtl/acre after every fertilizer application. Earthing up operation is carried to enhanced root development. 50-60 days after planting take first earthing operation and next after 40 days.

• Disease and their control:
  

Root or Rhizome Rot: To prevent crop from root rot, drench crop with Mancozeb@3 gm/Ltr or Metalaxyl@1.25 gm/Ltr at 30,60 and 90 days after planting.

Bacterial wilt: To prevent crop from bacterial wilt, drench plants with Copper oxychloride@3 gm/ltr of water immediately after disease is seen in field.

Anthracnose: If infestation is observed, to control take spray of Hexaconazole@10 ml or Mancozeb 75WP@25 gm/10 ltr of water+ 10 ml sticker.

Leaf Blotch: If infestation is observed to control take spray of Mancozeb@20 gm or Copper oxycloride@25 gm/10 ltr of water.

Blight and leaf spots: If infestation of blight and leaf spot is observed, take spray of Mancozeb@30 gm or Carbendazim@10 gm in 10 ltr water by interval of 15-20 alternatively. Or spray with Propiconazole@1 ml/Ltr of water.

• Pest and their control:

Rhizome fly: If Infestation of rhizome fly is observed in field, To control take spray of Acephate 75SP@15 gm in 10 ltr of water. Repeat the spray with 15 days interval.

Shoot borer: If infestation of shoot borer is observed to control take spray of Dimethoate@2 ml/Ltr or Quinalphos@2.5 ml/ltr of water.

Sucking pest: To control sucking pests take spray of neem based pesticide like Azadirachtin 0.3EC@ 2 ml/Ltr of water.

In 8 months crop is ready for harvesting. For fresh spice purpose, ginger is harvested from 6th month and if it is to be used for processing, then it is harvested after 8 months. Right time for harvesting of ginger is when leaves gets yellow and dry out completely, remove rhizomes by dugging and after harvesting clean rhizomes by thoroughly washing in water for 2 to 3 times. Then dry them in shades for 2-3 days.

For dry ginger purpose, only the outer skin is to be peeled and then dried in the sun for a week. Outer skin is removed with help of special knife or split bamboos with pointed end. Yield of dry ginger is about 16-25% of green ginger.

Storage: Fresh, disease free rhizomes are selected then treated with solution of Carbendazim + Mancozeb@40 gm/10 ltr of water for 30 min. It will prevent rotting of rhizome in storage. Then dry the rhizomes in shade. Store dried rhizome in pit of convenient size, covered with plank having 2-3 holes for aeration. Before storing rhizomes in pit, spread 1 inch thickness sand layers.