GREEN GRAM (MOONG)

Green gram also known as moong. It is one of the main pulse crop of India. It is a rich source of Protein along with fiber and iron. It can be cultivated as Kharif crop. It is used as green manure crop. It is useful for dryland farming as it can survive well in drought conditions. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, AP, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Tamilnadu are major green gram growing states.

It can be cultivated on wide range of soil. Gives best result when grown on well drained loamy to sandy-loam soils. Saline and water logged soils are not suitable for cultivation.

Type 44: It has dwarf plant. Stem is semi-expanded and leaves are deep green in color. It has yellow color flowers, green color seeds and medium sized seeds. The variety matures in 60-70 days. It is suitable for growing in every season.

Moong S8: It has medium plant. It bears yellow color flowers. The legumes are 6-8cm long and shining and black in color. The variety matures in 75-80 days. The variety is less prone to yellow mosaic virus. The variety is grown in kharif season.

Moong jawahar 45: It has long and straight plant. It has green color leaves, yellow color flowers and has shining and green color seeds. The variety matures in 80 days. The variety is suitable for Kharif season.

PS 16: Plant has a length of 45cm. the variety matures in 60-70 days. The variety is suitable both for kharif and summer season.
 
PS 10 (Kranti): It has yellow color flowers and has big sized seeds which are blurred in color. The variety matures in 75 days. The variety is suitable for Kharif season.   

Moong Pusa Baisakhi: It has dwarf and bushy plant. Leaves are green in color and light pink color spots are seen on stem. Brown brownish cream color flowers and seeds are green in color and are medium in size. The variety matures in 60-70 days. It is suitable for growing in summer season. 

Pant Moong 1: It has straight plants which are deep green in color. Seeds are green in color which is medium in size. The variety is resistant to yellow mosaic virus and is resistant to cercospora leaf spot to a large extent. The variety matures in 70-75 days for kharif season and in 65-70 days in rabi season.

Pant moong 2: It has medium height plant. It has shiny seeds, green and is medium in size. The variety is moderately resistant to yellow mosaic virus. The variety matures in 65-70 days for kharif season and in 60-65 days in rabi season.

Pant moong 3: It has straight growing plant. The variety matures in 75-85 days. It has shiny seeds which are medium in shape.
 
Pant moong 4: It has medium height of the plant. The variety is made by crossing between mash and moong. The variety matures in 65-70 days.

Pant moong 5: The variety is more suitable for rabi season. The 1000 grains has an average weight of 50-55gm. The variety gives an average yield of 6-8qtl/acre.

Other varieties such as Narendra moong 1, pant moong 6, PSM 11, PDM 54, Asha, Satya ML 267, Pusa 105, ML 613, Gangotri etc. are recommended for Uttarakhand.
 

To bring soil to fine tilth give two to three ploughing. After each ploughing carry out planking.
 

Time of sowing
In rainy season, sowing is done in mid-July to second week of August and in spring season, second fortnight of February to March.

Spacing
Use row spacing of 30cm and plant to plant spacing of 10 cm for Kharif sowing.
 
Sowing Depth
Sow seeds at depth of 4-6 cm.

Method of sowing
For sowing use Kera or Pora method or sow seeds by seed drill.
 

Seed Rate
Use 5-7kg/acre of seed rate.

Seed Treatment
Seed should be treated with Captan or Thiram @3 gm/kg of seed or Thiram@2.5 gm +Carbendazim@1gm per kg of seeds before sowing. After chemical treatment, treat seeds with Rhizobium culture. (Mix Rhizobium culture@200 gm + Jaggery@ 250 gm in half litre of water. Treat 10 kg of seeds with this solution. Then dry seeds in shades.

Use any one fungicide/insecticide from given below:

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

Add fertilizer dose of Nitrogen @2-3kg/acre in the form of Urea@6-8kg/acre and Phosphorus@2-3kg/acre in the form of DAP@16-20kg/acre at the time of land preparation.

To keep field weed free, one or two hoeing, first hoeing four week after sowing and second hoeing two week after first hoeing are required.
To control weed chemically, apply Fluchloralin@600ml/acre or Trifluralin@800ml/acre before sowing (take sowing on same day). Also after sowing, within two days, take spray of Pendimethalin@1Ltr/acre in 100-200Ltrs of water.
 

Depending upon soil type, climate and other factors, overall green gram crop required, three to four irrigations. Apply first irrigation 30-35 days after sowing. Then depending upon need, apply remaining irrigation at interval of 15 days.

• Pest and their control:
  

Sucking pest (Jassid, aphid, white fly): If infestation is observed, take spray of Malathion @ 375ml or Dimethoate @ 250ml or Oxydemeton Methyl @ 250ml/acre.
For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam @40gm Triazophos@600ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Mite: If infestation is observed take spray of Dimethoate 30EC @150ml/acre.

Blister beetle: They cause damage at flowering stage. They feed on flowers, buds thus prevent grain formation.

If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 200ml or Acephate 75SC @ 800gm/acre. Carry out spraying in evening hours and if necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Pod Borer: Serious pest cause heavy loss in yield. If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 200ml or Acephate 75SP @ 800gm or Spinosad 45SC @ 60ml/acre. Repeat spray after two weeks.

Tobacco caterpillar: If infestation is observed, take spray of Acephate 57SP @ 800gm/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20EC @1.5Ltr/acre. If necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Hairy Caterpillar: To control hairy caterpillar pick caterpillar manually and destroyed by crushing or putting in kerosene water when infestation is low. In case of high infestation, take spray of Quinalphos @500ml or Dichlorvos @200ml/acre.

• Disease and their control:

Yellow mosaic virus: It is spread due to white fly. Irregular yellow, green patches are observed on leaves. Pods not developed on infected plants.

Grow yellow mosaic virus resistant varieties. For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam@40gm, Triazophos@ 600ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Cercospora leaf spot: As a preventive measure, do seed treatment with Captan and Thiram. Use cercospora leaf spot resistant variety. If infestation is observed take spray of Zineb 75WP @400gm/acre. Take two to three sprays at interval of 10days.

Best time of harvesting when 85% of pods get matured. Over-ripening of pods should be avoided as produce may be lost due to shattering. Do harvesting with sickle. After harvesting carried out threshing. After threshing, seeds are cleaned and dried in the sunshine.