Kidney beans is also known as the chilli bean because of its dark red color and the visually resemblance the shape of a kidney. Kidney beans are a good source of protein also it is excellent source of molybdenum. It contain good source of cholesterol-lowering fiber. Rajma is a popular dish from the North Indian cuisine made from red kidney beans. Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka are major kidney bean growing states in India.

In Maharashtra, near about 31,055 hectare area is under rajma cultivation. Ahmadnagar, Nashik, Pune, Satara and Solapur are major rajma cultivating areas of Maharashtra. 

It can be grown on wide range of soils from light sandy to heavy clay soils. Well drained loamy soil is good for kidney beans cultivation. It is very sensitive to saline soils. Gives best result when pH of soil is 5.5 to 6. 

Fule Surekha: Developed by MPKV, Rahuri. Pods are light green colors, flat and long. Resistant to wilt, blight disease.

Waghya: Popular among farmers of Western Maharashtra. Gives average yield of 1.25-2qtl/acre.   

Pusa Parvati: Developed by ICAR, New Delhi. High yielding variety having long, green pods. 

Varun: Early maturing, high yielding variety. Gives average yield of 3.4qtl/acre. Ready to harvest in 60-65days.

Arka Komal: Variety having long, green, attractive pods. Suitable for long distant transport. 

Other states Varieties 

Malviya Rajmash 137, Malviya Rajmash 15 

Arka Moal, Canadian Red

HIM 1, Pant Anupama

Jwala (HPR 12), Uday (PDR 14), Birsa Priya

Amber, Contender

Give two to three ploughing to bring soil at fine tilth. Make field level so that water stagnation should not occurred in main field. Crop is very sensitive to water logging. At last ploughing apply farmyard manure or well decomposed cow dung@60-80qtl/acre. 

Time of sowing

Optimum time for rajma cultivation is with onset of monsoon.Carry out sowing when sufficient moisture is present in soil. 

For Rabi season, September- October is optimum time of cultivation where as for summer season, complete sowing in January - February month.

Spacing

Use row to row distance of 45cm and plant to plant distance of 30cm.

Sowing Depth

Sow the seeds at depth of 2-3cm. 

Method of sowing

For sowing dibbling method used. In plain area seeds are sown in line or on bed where as in hilly areas, seeds are sown on ridge.

Seed Rate

For one acre land, seed rate of 16kg/acre is required. In case of dibbling method, 10-12kg/acre seed rate is required.

Seed Treatment

Before sowing treat seeds with Thiram@4gm per Kg of seeds. Dried seed in shade and then sown immediately.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

Apply Nitrogen@20-22kg, Phosphorus@20-40kg and Potash@20-40kg/acre in form Urea@45-50kg, SSP@125-250kg and Potash@20-40kg (MOP@35-70kg/acre). Do soil testing before sowing for accurate fertilizer application. 

Initial growth period is crucial for crop growth. Avoid weed infestation at this stage. Complete weeding operations synchronized along with fertilizer and irrigation operations. Use Fluchloralin@800ml/acre or Pendimethalin@1 ltr per acre as pre-emergence weedicide.  

For better germination of seed give pre-sowing irrigation. 6-7 irrigations are required during growing season. Irrigation on 25th day after sowing and three irrigation at 25 days interval are necessary to get optimum yield. Give irrigation prior to blooming, during flowering and at pod development stage, water stress at these stage will lead to yield loss.  

• Pests and their control:

Thrips: Commonly observed pest. Mostly observed in dry weather. They suck sap from the foliage and results in curling of leaves. Also causes flower drop. To check severity of thrips incidence, keep blue sticky traps @6-8 per acre. Also to reduce the incidence spray Verticillium lecani@5gm/Ltr water

If incidence of thrips is more, then take spray of Imidacloprid 17.8SL or Fipronil @1ml/Ltr water or Acephate 75% WP@1gm/Ltr.

Aphid: They suck sap from the leaf. They excrete honey like substance and developed sooty mould i.e blackish colour fungus on the Calyx and pods thus deteriorate quality of product.

To control take spray of Acephate 75SP@1gm/Ltr or Methyl demeton 25EC@2ml/Ltr of water. Soil application of granular insecticides viz Carbofuran, Phorate@4-8kg/acre on 15 and 60 days after transplanting were also effective.

Mite: These are widely distributed pest observed throughout the world. Nymphs and adults feed exclusively on the lower surface of the leaves. Infected leaves gives cup shape appearance. Heavy infestation results in defoliation, bud shedding and drying of leaves.

If Infestation of yellow mite is observed in field, spray of Chlorfenapyr@15ml/Ltr, Abamectin@15ml/Ltr are found effective. Mites is a serious pest and it may cause yield loss up to 80%. For effective control spray Spiromesifen 22.9SC @200ml/acre/180Ltr of water.

• Diseases and their control:

Powdery Mildew: Patchy, White powdery growth appear on lower side of leaves. It parasitizes the plant using it as a food source. It can developed at any stage of crop development. In severe infestation it causes defoliation.

Avoid water lodging in field. Keep field clean. To Control spray with Hexaconazole along with sticker@1ml/Ltr of water. In case of sudden rain, chances of powdery mildew. Mild infestation take spray of water soluble Sulphur@ 20gm/10Ltr of water 2-3 times with interval of 10 days.

Wilt: Moist and poorly drain soil causes damping off disease. It is soil borne disease. Water soaking and shrivelling of stem occurs. Seedlings killed before emergence. 

To control Wilt, Drench nearby soil with Copper oxychloride@25gm or Carbendazim@20gm/10Ltr of water. To control Wilting of plants due to root rot do drenching with Trichoderma bio fungus@2.5kg/500Ltr water, near to roots of plants.

Yellow Mosaic: Light and green patches observed on leaves. In early stage plant growth get stops. Yellowing, chlorotic ring spots on leaves and fruits. Select healthy and disease free seeds for cultivation. Uproot and destroyed infected plant away from field.

If observed in field to control it take spray of Acephate 75SP@600gm/200Ltr or Methyl demeton 25EC@2ml/Ltr of water.

Harvest when pods are full grown and ripe and there color turn to yellow. Also leaves turn yellow and majority of leaves drop. Depending upon variety use pods are ready to harvest 7-12 days after flowering. Overall crop is ready to harvest in 120-130 days. Do harvesting at right time as delay cause shattering. Keep harvested plant for three-four days in sun. After proper drying of crop, threshing is done with help of bullocks or with sticks.

Kidney beans required little processing after harvesting but take care during storage to maintain good quality. Before storing, do sorting and remove damaged, infected beans. Heat and humidity cause deterioration in quality so always stored beans in cool, dark and dry place.