Green gram also known as moong is one of the main pulse crop of India. It is a rich source of Protein along with fiber and iron. It can be cultivated as Kharif, Rabi as well as Summer crop. It is used as green manure crop. It is useful for dryland farming as it can survive well in drought conditions.

Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, AP, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Tamilnadu are major gram growing states. 

It can be cultivated on wide range of soil. Gives best result when grown on well drained loamy to sandy-loam soils. Saline and water logged soils are not suitable for cultivation. 

Pusa Vishal: Ready to harvest in 60-65days. Suitable for kharif as well as summer season. Gives average yield 4.8-5.6qtl/acre. Nuts are medium size. It is resistant to yellow mosaic virus.

Kopargaon: Developed by Mahatma Krushi Vidyapith, Rahuri. Ready to harvest in 65-70days. Gives average yield of 3.6-4qtl/acre.

BM 4: Resistant to blight and powdery mildew. Gives average yield of 3.6-4.4qtl/acre.

BPMR 145: Ready to harvest in 60-65days. Resistant to blight and mildew. 3-3.2qtl/acre.

BM 2002-1: Suitable for kharif cultivation. Ready to harvest in 65-70ays. Resistant to blight disease. Gives average yield of 2.8-3.6qtl/acre.

BM 2003-02: Suitable for Kharif cultivation. Ready to harvest in 65-70days. Gives average yield of 3.2-4qtl/acre.

Phule Moong 2: Ready to harvest in 60-65days. Suitable for kharif as well as Rabi season. Gives average yield of 4-4.8qtl/acre.

PKV-AKM 4: Medium size grains. Ready to harvest in 65 to 70 days. Suitable for cultivation for whole Maharashtra. Gives average yield of 4.8-6qtl/acre.

Vaibhav: Ready to harvest in 70-75days. Resistant to powdery mildew. Gives average yield of 5.6-6qtl/acre.

PKV-Green gold: Ready to harvest in 70-75days.Gives average yield of 5.6-6qtl/acre. 

For kharif sowing, bring soil to fine tilth by taking two to three ploughing before start of rainy season. After each ploughing carry out planking. 

Time of sowing

For Kharif season, complete sowing in last week of June to first week of July. 

Spacing

Use row spacing of 30 to 45cm and plant to plant spacing of 10cm for Kharif sowing.

Sowing Depth

Sow seeds at depth of 4-6cm.

Method of sowing

For sowing use Kera or Pora method or sow seeds by seed drill.

Seed Rate

For sowing, use seed rate of 4 to 5kg for one acre land. 

Seed Treatment

Seed should be treated with Captan or Thiram @3gm/kg of seed or Thiram@2.5gm +Carbendazim@1gm per kg of seeds before sowing. After chemical treatment, treat seeds with Rhizobium culture. (Mix Rhizobium culture@200gm + Jaggery@ 250gm in half litre of water. Treat 10kg of seeds with this solution. Then dry seeds in shades.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

At time of sowing, apply Nitrogen@8-10kg in form of Urea@20-25kg per acre and Phosphorus@20kg in form of SSP@125kg/acre.

Also apply Sulphur@10kg/acre and Zinc@8kg/acre at time of sowing. Apply fertilizer at depth of 2-3cm below seeds.

To keep field weed free, one or two hoeing, first hoeing four week after sowing and second hoeing two week after first hoeing are required.

To control weed chemically, apply Fluchloralin@600ml/acre or Trifluralin@800ml/acre before sowing (take sowing on same day). Also after sowing, within two days, take spray of Pendimethalin@1Ltr/acre in 100-200Ltrs of water. 

Depending upon soil type, climate and other factors, overall green gram crop required, three to four irrigations. Apply first irrigation 30-35days after sowing. Then depending upon need, apply remaining irrigation at interval of 15days.

Irrigation at time of pod development is necessary. Water stress at this stage leads to yield loss. 

• Pests and their control:

Sucking pest (Jassid, aphid, white fly): If infestation is observed, take spray of Malathion @ 375ml or Dimethoate @ 250ml or Oxydemeton Methyl @ 250ml/acre.

For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam @40gm Triazophos@600ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Blister beetle: They cause damage at flowering stage. They feed on flowers, buds thus prevent grain formation.

If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 200ml or Acephate 75SC @ 800gm/acre. Carry out spraying in evening hours and if necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Pod Borer: Serious pest cause heavy loss in yield. If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 200ml or Acephate 75SP @ 800gm or Spinosad 45SC @ 60ml/acre. Repeat spray after two weeks.

Tobacco caterpillar: If infestation is observed, take spray of Acephate 57SP @ 800gm/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20EC @1.5Ltr/acre. If necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Hairy Caterpillar: To control hairy caterpillar pick caterpillar manually and destroyed by crushing or putting in kerosene water when infestation is low. In case of high infestation, take spray of Quinalphos @500ml or Dichlorvos @200ml/acre.

• Diseases and their control:

Yellow mosaic virus: It is spread due to white fly. Irregular yellow, green patches are observed on leaves. Pods not developed on infected plants.

Grow yellow mosaic virus resistant varieties. For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam@40gm, Triazophos@ 600ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10days after first spray.

Cercospora leaf spot: As a preventive measure, do seed treatment with Captan and Thiram. Use cercospora leaf spot resistant variety. If infestation is observed take spray of Zineb 75WP @400gm/acre. Take two to three sprays at interval of 10 days.

Best time of harvesting when 85% of pods get matured. Over-ripening of pods should be avoided as produce may be lost due to shattering. Do harvesting with sickle. After harvesting carried out threshing. After threshing, seeds are cleaned and dried in the sunshine.