India is fourth largest contributor of oilseeds and Rapeseed and mustard contributes about 28.6% in total oilseeds production. After soybean and palm oil, it is third important oilseed in world. Mustard seeds and its oil is used for culinary purpose. Young leaves are used for vegetable purpose. Its oil cake is used for feeding cattle.

Light to heavy soil is good for mustard and rapeseed cultivation.

Pusa Bold: Plants are of medium height. Oil percentage is about 37-38%. Ready to harvest in 130-140days. Gives average yield of 4.8-10qtl/acre.

Varuna: Gives average yield of 4.8 to 6qtl/acre.

Koral 432: Ready to harvest in 113-147days. Gives average yield of 720-1000kg/acre with 40-42% oil content.

Pusa Sarso 21: Ready to harvest in 127-150days. Gives average yield of 560-860kg/acre with 30-32% oil content.

Pusa Sarso 27: Ready to harvest in 108-135days. Gives average yield of 560-640kg/acre with 40-45% oil content.

Pusa Jaykisan: Plant height is about 160-180cm. Ready to harvest in 130-140days. Oil percentage is about 38-40%. Gives average yield of 7.2-8qtl/acre.    

Other state varieties:

NRCDR 02: High yielding variety.

NRCHB 101 : Suitable for late sowing areas.

NRCDR 601: Suitable for timely sown irrigated areas.

NRCYS-05-02: Yellow sarson variety.

Mustard 30: Developed by IARI, New Delhi, gives more yield also its oil is good for health.

Ashirwad: Ready to harvest in 125-130days. Gives average yield of 580-670kg/acre with 39% oil content.

Maya: Ready to harvest in 125-136days. Gives average yield of 760-912kg/acre with 40% oil content.

CS -56: Ready to harvest in 113-147days. Gives average yield of 440-560kg/acre with 35-40% oil content.

NRCHB-101: Ready to harvest in 105-135days. Gives average yield of 540-600kg/acre with 34-42% oil
 

For good germination of crop it required a fine seed bed. Do ploughing of soil for two to three times followed by two harrowing. Do planking after every ploughing. Prepared firm, moist and uniform seed bed as it will help in uniform germination of seed. To protect crop from various soil borne diseases, add Quinolphos@10kg/acre in soil at time of last ploughing. 

Time of sowing
First fortnight of October month is optimum time for seed sowing.  

Spacing
For sowing, use plant to plant spacing of 15cm and row to row spacing of 45cm.
 
Sowing Depth
Seeds are sown at depth of 2 to 3cm

Method of sowing
When taken as single crop, use drilling method of sowing and if it taken as mixed crop, use broadcasting or drilling method for sowing.
 

Seed Rate
For mustard under rainfed conditions, use seed rate of 2kg/acre.

Seed Treatment
To protect seed from soil borne pest and disease, before sowing do seed treatment with Thiram@3gm per kg of seeds. To protect crop from aphid and painted bug, seed treatment with Imidacloprid@8ml/kg of seeds.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

Apply 8 to 10ton farm yard manure or well decomposed cow dung in soil, three to four weeks before sowing. For accurate fertilizer dose, soil testing is necessary.

Under irrigated condition, apply Nitrogen@20kg, Phosphorus@10kg/acre in form of Urea@45kg, Super phosphate@65kg/acre. Apply half of Nitrogen and full dose of Phosphorus at time of sowing and remaining half dose of Nitrogen, 30 to 35days after sowing.
 
Under rainfed conditions, apply Nitrogen@16kg (Urea@35kg), Phosphorus@8kg (SSP@50kg), per acre. Apply full dose of fertilizer at time of sowing and mixed well in soils.

Grain yield has been increased by 10-15% through spray with Thiourea@0.05%.
 

Two to three weeding and two hoeing at interval of two weeks are required to keep check on weed intensity.

Give first irrigation, 30-40days after sowing (before flowering) and second irrigation, 70-80days after sowing. Flower and pod formation stage are sensitive to irrigation. water stress at this stage will affect yield drastically. Apply irrigation based on soil type, availability of water, ET losses etc.

• Pest and their control:
  

Aphid: They suck the sap and plant get weak, pale and plant remain stunted and in later stage do not bear pods.

To control, do timely sowing of crop. Avoid excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. In infestation is observed in field, take spray of any one pesticide like Thiamethoxam@80gm or Quinalphos or Oxydemeton@250ml or Chlorpyriphos @200ml in 100-125Ltr water per acre.

Painted bug: It destroyed crop at germination stage also at maturity stage. They suck sap and leads to drying of crop.

Application of irrigation three to four week after sowing help in reducing pest population. If infestation is observed in field, take spray of Malathion @ 400ml/acre.

Hairy caterpillar: Young larva feed on leaves and destroyed them completely.

If infestation is observed in field, take spray of Malathion 5% dust@15kg/acre or Dichlorvos@200ml/acre in 100-125ltr of water.

• Disease and their control:
  

Blight: Dark brown spot with dot like bodies developed on stem, branches, leaflet and pods. In severe infestation, withering of stem and pod is observed.

For cultivation use resistant varieties. On incidence of disease spray with Indofil M-45 or Captan @ 260gm/100Ltr of water per acre. If necessary repeat the spray at interval of 15days.

Downy Mildew:  Whitish growth is observed on lower surface of leaves. The leaves give green or yellow coloration appearance.

Destroyed debris of previous crop before sowing of crop. Spray crop with Indofil M-45 @ 400gm in 150 Ltr of water per acre for four times with interval of 15 days.

White Rust: White pustules are observed on leaves, stem and on flower. Swelling of affected part is observed. Because of infection flower become sterile.

If infestation observed in field, to control spray with Metalaxyl 8%+Mancozeb 64% @ 2gm/Ltr of water or spray with Copper oxychloride @ 25gm/Ltr of water. If necessary repeat the spray with interval of 10-15days.

Crop takes 110 to 140 days to mature, depending variety. Harvest crop when pods turn yellow and seed become hard. To avoid shattering loss carried out harvesting in morning hours. With the help of sickle, cut crops close to ground. After then stacked harvested crops for 7-10 days. After proper drying complete threshing operation.

Cleaned seed must be dried in the sun for 4-5days or till the moisture content comes down to 8 percent. After proper drying of seeds, stored seeds in gunny bags or bin.

Damping off: Moist and poorly drained soil causes damping off disease. It is a soil borne disease. Water soaking and shriveling of stem occurs. If it appears in nursery, the entire lot of seedling may get destroyed.

To control, Drench nearby soil with Copper oxychloride@25 gm or Carbendazim@20 gm/10 Ltr of water.