Onion is most widely cultivated popular vegetable species. It is used for culinary purpose also it has several non-culinary use like it is used as Moth repellent because of its pungent juice, it is used to polish glass and copperware, onion concentrated water can be spray on plants to increased plants pest resistance. India ranks first in term of area and second in production after China.
It can be cultivated on various soil types such as sandy loam, clay loam silt loam and heavy soils. It gives best result when grown in deep loam and alluvial soils with good drainage, moisture holding capacity and sufficient organic matter. Loose and sandy soils are not suitable for cultivation as bulb produce in such soil are deformed with less keeping quality. pH of soil should be 6 to 7.
Hissar 2: The tubers of this variety are brown red in color like copper and is round in shape taking flat shape from the top. Despite its low pungency, its storage capacity is good. It contains 11.5-13.9% total soluble content. The variety matures in 130-145 days and gives an average yield of 120qtl/acre.
Pusa Red: The tubers of this variety are medium in size, somewhat flat, red in color like copper. The variety matures in 125-140 days and gives an average yield of 100-120qtl/acre. It has good storage capacity and it contains 13-14% of total soluble content.
Hissar Onion-3: The tubers of this variety are shining brown red in color and is globular in shape. Despite its low pungency, its storage capacity is good. The attack of pink spot, yellow dwarf mosaic virus and thrips is least. The variety matures in 130-140 days and gives an average yield of 125qtl/acre.
Give three to four deep ploughing and bring soil to fine tilth. Add well decomposed cow dung to increase organic content of soil. Then levelled the soil and divide into small plots and channels.
Initially onion seedlings grow slowly. So it is better to use chemical herbicides than hand weeding to avoid injury. To control weeds take spray of Pendimethalin(Stomp)@1 ltr/200 ltr water/acre within 72 hours of sowing. Apply Oxyfluorfen @425 ml/200 ltr of water per acre as post emergence herbicide 7 days after planting. Two to three weeding are recommended for weed control. First hand weeding should be done one month after sowing and second hand weeding to be done one month after first hand weeding.
Thrips: If not controlled properly can cause yield loss up to 50%. Mostly observed in dry weather. They suck sap from the foliage and results in curling of leaves, leaves become cup shaped or curved upward.
To check severity of thrips incidence, keep blue sticky traps @6-8 per acre. If infestation observed in field take spray of Fipronil (Regenta)@30 ml/15 ltr water. Or Prophenophos@10ml /10 ltr water by 8-10 days interval.
Maggots: Infestation observed in January-February Month. They feed on roots causes browning of leaves. Base of plant become watery.
If infestation is observed, apply Carbaryl@1 ltr or Phorate@4 kg to the soil and give light irrigation. Or Apply Chlorpyriphos @2 ltr/acre alongwith irrigation water or sand.
Take spray of Propineb 70%WP@350 gm/acre/150 ltr of water, twice at 10 days interval.
After harvesting and proper drying, bulbs are sorted and graded according to size.
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