MASH (URD)

• Pest and their control:
  

Sucking pest (Jassid, aphid, white fly): If infestation is observed, take spray of Malathion@375ml or Dimethoate@250ml or Oxydemeton Methyl@250ml/acre.

For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam@40gm Triazophos@600ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.

Tobacco caterpillar: If infestation is observed, take spray of Acephate 57SP@800gm/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20EC@ 1.5Ltr/acre. If necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.

Hairy Caterpillar: To control hairy caterpillar pick caterpillar manually and destroyed by crushing or putting in kerosene water when infestation is low. In case of high infestation, take spray of Quinalphos@300ml or Dichlorvos@200ml/acre.

Pod Borer: Serious pest causes heavy loss in yield. If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC@200ml or Acephate 75SP@800gm or Spinosad 45SC@60ml/acre. Repeat spray after two weeks.

Mite: If infestation is observed take spray of Dimethoate 30EC@250ml/acre.

Blister beetle: They cause damage at flowering stage. They feed on flowers, buds thus prevent grain formation.
If infestation is observed, take spray of Indoxacarb 14.5SC@200ml or Acephate 75SC@800gm/acre. Carry out spraying in evening hours and if necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray.

It is one of the most important pulse crops of India. It is rich source of protein and phosphoric acid. It is used as daal and it is important ingredient of breakfast. In India, major black gram areas are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Mash is major crop of Haryana and its cultivation area is increasing now a days.

• Disease and its control:

Yellow mosaic virus: It is spread due to white fly. Irregular yellow, green patches are observed on leaves. Pods not developed on infected plants.

Grow yellow mosaic virus resistant varieties. For white fly control, take spray of Thiamethoxam@40gm, Triazophos@ 600ml/acre. If necessary take second spray 10 days after first spray. 

Cercospora leaf spot: As a preventive measure, do seed treatment with Captan and Thiram. Use cercospora leaf spot resistant variety. If infestation is observed take spray of Zineb 75WP@400gm/acre. Take two to three sprays at interval of 10 days. 

Best time for harvesting of mash is when leaves are shed and pods become greyish black. Cut crop with sickle and then spread harvested crop on floor to dry. Then threshing is done and seeds are separated from pods.

Saline - alkaline soil, also waterlogged soils are not suitable for mash cultivation. For good growth, it required stiff loamy or heavy soils with good water retentive capacity.

T 9:  Suitable for kharif and rabi sowing. Ready to harvest in 80-85 days. Grains are bold. Gives average yield of 4-5 qtl/acre.

PDU 1: Suitable for kharif and rabi sowing. Ready to harvest in 70-80 days. Gives average yield of 5-6 qtl/acre.

IPU -94-1: Suitable for kharif cultivation. Ready to harvest in 85 days. Resistant to yellow mosaic virus. Gives average yield of 4.4-4.8 qtl/acre.

Shekhar 2: Suitable for rabi sowing. ready to harvest in 70 days. Resistant to yellow mosaic virus. Gives average yield of 4.4-4.8 qtl/acre.

UH 1 : Suitable for kharif cultivation. Ready to harvest in 73 days. Gives average yield of 4.5 qtl/acre.

Mash 479: Suitable for sowing in spring season. Ready to harvest in 82 days. Gives average yield 4.8 qtl/acre.

KU 99-21; Suitable for kharif sowing. Ready to harvest in 70-75 days. Gives average yield of 4-4.3 qtl/acre.

Other States Varieties

Type 27
Type 56
Pusa 1
Pant 430
HPU 6
T 65
LBG 22
LBG 402
LBG 20

To bring soil to fine tilth give two to three ploughing. After each ploughing carry out planking. Keep field weed free.

Time of sowing
Optimum time for kharif sowing is last week of June to first week of July. Optimum time for summer cultivation is from March to April.

Spacing
Use row spacing of 30cm and plant to plant spacing of 10cm for kharif sowing.   For rabi sowing use row spacing of 22.5cm and plant to plant spacing of 4-5cm.

Sowing Depth
Sow seeds at the depth of 4-6cm. Mash grown in hilly areas are of better quality.

Method of sowing
For sowing use kera or pora method or sow seeds by seed drill.

Seed Rate
For kharif sowing use seed rate of 7-8 kg/acre whereas for summer sowing use seed rate of 19-20 kg/acre of bold seeds.

Seed Treatment
Before sowing treat seeds with Captan or Thiram or Mancozeb or Carbendazim@2.5gm per kg of seeds. After then dry them in shades. After chemical treatment treat seeds with Rhizobium@2gm/kg of seeds.

Use any one fungicides from below

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

At time of sowing, apply Nitrogen@6-8 kg in form of Urea@13-17 kg per acre and Phosphorus@16 kg in form of SSP@100 kg/acre.

Mash is grown as a kharif crop. If needed provide irrigation depending upon the climatic conditions.

To keep field weed free, one or two hoeing are required. Take first hoeing one month after sowing. To control weed chemically, after sowing, within two days, take spray of Pendimethalin@1Ltr/acre in 100-200Ltrs of water.