KHARIF ONION

Onion is most widely cultivated popular vegetable species. It is used for culinary purpose also it has several non-culinary use like it is used as Moth repellent because of its pungent juice, it is used to polish glass and copperware, onion concentrated water can be spray on plants to increased plant\\\'s pest resistance. India ranks first in term of area and second in production after China.

It can cultivate on various soil type such as sandy loam, clay loam, silt loam and heavy soils. It gives best result when grown in deep loam and alluvial soils with good drainage, moisture holding capacity and sufficient organic matter. Loose and sandy soils are not suitable for cultivation as bulb produce in such soil are deformed with less keeping quality. pH of soil should be 6 to 7.

Patna Red: Bulbs are medium round in shape which is light brown in color. The variety is ready to harvest in 135-140 days and it gives an average yield of 83-105qtl/acre. The variety is suitable for low and intermediate mountainous areas.

N-53: Released from NIPHAD. Bulbs are shiny red color which is round in shape. The average weight of per bulb is 70-100gm. The variety is ready to harvest in 150-165days and it gives an average yield of 62-69qtl/acre.

Other state varieties

Bhima Kiran: Suitable for growing in rabi season. Bulbs are of light red color and having round to oval shapes. Ready to harvest in 130 days. Bulbs having good keeping quality in storage. Gives average yield of 165qtl/acre.

Bhima Shakti: Suitable for growing in kharif and rabi season. Ready to harvest in 130 days after transplanting, gives average yield of 170qtl/acre.

Bhima Shweta: Suitable for rabi season. Bulbs are of white color and round in shape. Ready to harvest in 110-115 days after transplanting. Gives average yield of 160qtl/acre.

Give three to four deep ploughing and bring soil to fine tilth. Add well decomposed cow dung to increase organic content of soil. Then leveled soil and divide into small plots and channels. If Sulphur deficiency is observed, then use gypsum @165kg/acre and mix well in the soil.   

Time of sowing
For kharif season, sowing is done in the month of mid-October to mid-November.

Spacing
While transplanting, use spacing of 15cm between rows and 5-8cm between plants.
 
Sowing Depth
In nursery, sow seeds at depth of 1-2 cm.

Method of sowing
For sowing use transplanting method.

Seed Rate
Use seed rate of 3 -3.5 kg/acre.

Seed Treatment
Seed treatment with Thiram@2 gm/kg of seed + Benomyl  50WP@1 gm/liter water effectively controls damping off and smut diseases. After chemical treatment, seed treatment with bioagent Trichoderma viride@2 gm/kg of seed is recommended; it helps in reducing early seedling diseases and soil borne inoculum.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

Apply 100qtl of Farm Yard Manure or well decomposed cow dung 10 days before sowing. Apply Nitrogen@48 kg, Phophorus@32 kg and Potash@25 kg in form of Urea@105 kg, Single Super Phosphate@200 kg per acre and MOP@42 kg/acre. Apply whole quantity of Phosphorus, Potash and half dose of Nitrogen at time of transplanting. Apply remaining amount of nitrogen as top dressing, four weeks after transplantation.

WSF: 10-15 days after transplanting, sprayed 19:19:19 along with micronutrients@2.5 to 3 gm/Ltr of water.

Depending upon climatic conditions and soil type decide irrigation amount and frequency. At the time of sowing or transplanting or after 3-4 days, do irrigation to moist the soil then depending upon need apply irrigation with interval of 10-15 days.

Initially onion seedlings grow slowly, so better to use chemical herbicides than hand weeding to avoid injury. To control weeds take spray of Pendimethalin (Stomp)@1ltr/150ltr water/acre within 72 hours of sowing. Apply Oxyflorfen@325ml/150ltr of water per acre as post emergence herbicide 7 days after planting. Two to three weeding are recommended for weed control. First hand weeding should be done one month after sowing and second hand weeding to be done one month after first hand weeding.

• Pest and their control

Maggots: Infestation observed in January-February Month. They feed on roots because browning of leaves. Base of plant become watery.

If infestation is observed, apply Carbaryl@4kg or Phorate@4kg to the soil and give light irrigation. Or Apply Chlorpyriphos @1.5Ltr/acre along with irrigation water or sand.

Thrips: If not controlled properly can cause yield loss up to 50%. Mostly observed in dry weather. They suck sap from the foliage and results in curling of leaves, leaves become cup shaped or curved upward.

To check severity of thrips incidence, keep blue sticky traps @6-8 per acre. If infestation observed in field take spray of Fipronil (Reagent)@30ml/15Ltr water or Profenofos@10ml /10Ltr water by 8-10days interval.

• Disease and their control

Purple blotch and stem phylium blight: In severe infestation may cause yield loss up to 70%. Deep purple lesions are observed on leaves. Yellow streaks get turn brown and extend along the blade.

Take spray of Propineb70%WP@350gm/acre/150Ltr of water, twice at 10days interval.

Harvesting at proper time is necessary. It depend upon variety, season, market price etc. 50% neck falls is sign indicating crop is ready for harvesting. Harvesting is done manually by uprooting bulbs. After harvesting they are kept in field for 2-3 days to remove excessive moisture from bulb.

After harvesting and proper drying, bulbs are sorted and graded according to size.