KIDNEY BEAN (RAJMA)

• Disease and their control:

Powdery Mildew: Patchy, White powdery growth appear on lower side of leaves. It parasitizes the plant using it as a food source. It can developed at any stage of crop development. In severe infestation it causes defoliation.
Avoid water lodging in field. Keep field clean. To Control spray with Hexaconazole along with sticker@1ml/Ltr of water. In case of Sudden rain, chances of powdery mildew. Mild infestation take Spray of water soluble Sulphur@ 20gm/10Ltr of water 2-3 times with interval of 10 days.

Wilt: Moist and poorly drain soil causes damping off disease. It is soil borne disease. Water soaking and shrivelling of stem occurs. Seedlings killed before emergence. 
To control Wilt, Drench near by soil with Copper oxychloride@25gm or Carbendazim@20gm/10Ltr of water. To control Wilting of plants due to root rot do drenching with Trichoderma bio fungus@2.5kg/500Ltr water,near to roots of plants.

Yellow Mosaic: Light and green patches observed on leaves. In early stage plant growth get stops. Yellowing, chlorotic ring spots on leaves and fruits. Select healthy and disease free seeds for cultivation. Uproot and destroyed infected plant away from field.
If observed in field to control it take spray of Acephate 75SP@1gm/Ltr or Methyl demeton 25EC@2ml/Ltr of water.

Harvest when pods are full grown and ripe and there color turn to yellow. Also leaves turn yellow and majority of leaves drop. Depending upong variety use pods are ready to harvest 7-12days after flowering. Overall crop is ready to harvest in 120-130days. Do harvesting at right time as delay cause shattering. Keep harvested plant for three-four days in sun. After proper drying of crop, threshing is done with help of bullocks or with sticks.

Kidney beans required little processing after harvesting but take care during storage to maintain good quality. Before storing, do sorting and remove damaged, infected beans. Heat and humidity cause deteoriation in quality so alwase stored beans in cool, dark and dry place.

It can be grown on wide range of soils from light sandy to heavy clay soils. Well drained loamy soil is good for kidney beans cultivation. It is very sensitive to saline soils. Gives best result when pH of soil is 5.5 to 6.

Triloki Rajma (K-198): Its growth is dwarf similar to bushy crop. It has wide leaves, deep green, white flowers and thick grains which are light yellow in color. The grains are delicious in taste and is cooked well. The plant is 45-55cm in height and the crops get ready for harvest in 98-100 days. The variety is resistant to anthracnose, wilt and leaf rot.  But in Sangla hills there is medium danger of Anthracnose disease. It gives an average yield of 10-12qtl/acre.

Baspa (B. R. C.-8): It is a semi dwarf variety which is recommended for upper hilly areas. The variety is resistant to anthracnose. It has deep pink color grains which are thick. The variety gets ready in 10-120 days. It gives an average yield of 7.5-8qtl/acre.

Kailash (S.R.C.-74): It is a semi dwarf variety which gets mature in 120-125 days. The variety is recommended for 1700-3000m high in Kinnour district under rainfed or irrigated areas. This variety has wide leaves which are yellow in color. The legumes are green in color having red spots on it when young, which becomes orange color at maturity.

Jwala (H.P.R-12): The variety is approved for 1100-1800m high areas of Kullu, Barot, Chamba and Shimla. It is early maturing variety which gets mature in 75-80 days. It has straight and dwarf plant. The legume is 8-10cm long and per legume contains 3-4 grains. It has deep red color grains. It gives an average yield of 5-6qtl/acre.

Him-1: It is a dwarf and early maturing variety which gets mature in 80-90 days. The legumes are 10-13cm long and every legume contains 4-5 grains. The grains are light pink in color having deep red spots on legumes. It gives an average yield of 4qtl/acre.

Kanchan (H.P.R.-3.5): It is a dwarf and early maturing variety. It is approved for growing in medium and high hilly areas. It has thick and deep pink color grains. It gives an average yield of 5-6qtl/acre.

Other state varieties:

PDR 14 (Uday): Released in 1987. This variety has bushy crop and legumes are green in color. It has 40-50cm plant height. In irrigated areas and in good crop management areas, it gives an average crop yield of 8-10qtl/acre. It has spotted grains having an average weight of 38-40gms per 100 seeds.

VL Rajma 125: Suitable for timely sown of Uttarakhand Hills. 4-5 seeds per pods and 100 seed weight about 41.38 gm.

RBL 6: Suitable for irrigated areas of Punjab state. 6-8 seeds per pod and seeds are of light green color.

Other high yielding varieties grown in India are HUR 15, HUR-137, Amber and Arun. Also Arka Komal, Arka Suvidha, Pusa Parvathi, Pusa Himalatha, VL Boni 1, Ooty 1.

Give three to four ploughing to bring soil at fine tilth. Make field level so that water stagnation should not occur in main field. Crop is very sensitive to water logging. At last ploughing, apply Farmyard Manure or well decomposed cow dung@60-80qtl/acre.
 

Time of sowing
It is sown in starting of monsoon season from 15th -30th June.  

Spacing
Use row spacing of 25-30cm.

Sowing Depth
Sow the seeds at depth of 6-7cm.

Method of sowing
For sowing dibbling method used. In plain area seeds are sown in line or on bed where as in hilly areas, seeds are sown on ridges.
 

Seed Rate
Use seed rate of 40kg/acre and in mixed farming use seed rate of 20kg/acre.

Seed Treatment
Before sowing treat seeds with Thiram@4gm per Kg of seeds. Dried seeds in shade and then sown immediately.
 

Initial growth period is crucial for crop growth. Avoid weed infestation at this stage. Complete weeding operations synchronized along with fertilizer and irrigation operations. Use Fluchloralin@ 800ml/acre or Pendimethalin@1ltr per acre as pre-emergence weedicide.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

Apply Nitrogen@8kg/acre in form Urea@17kg and Phosphorus@25kg/acre in the form of SSP @150kg/acre at the time of sowing.

After sowing 3-4 irrigations are required after the interval of 1 month. First irrigation is done after 3 weeks of sowing, second irrigation is given at the time of blooming and third irrigation is given at the pod development stage. Deep irrigation is not required in this crop.

Kidney beans is also known as the Rajma beans because of its dark red color and the visually resemblance the shape of a kidney. Kidney beans are a good source of protein also it is excellent source of molybdenum. It contains good source of cholesterol lowering fiber. Rajma is a popular dish from the North Indian cuisine made from red kidney beans. Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka are major kidney bean growing states in India.Kidney beans is also known as the Rajma beans because of its dark red color and the visually resemblance the shape of a kidney. Kidney beans are a good source of protein also it is excellent source of molybdenum. It contains good source of cholesterol lowering fiber. Rajma is a popular dish from the North Indian cuisine made from red kidney beans. Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka are major kidney bean growing states in India.

• Pest and their control:
  

Thrips: Commonly observed pest. Mostly observed in dry weather. They suck sap from the foliage and results in curling of leaves. Also causes flower drop. To check severity of thrips incidence, keep blue sticky traps @6-8 per acre. Also to reduce the incidence spray Verticillium lecani@5gm/Ltr water
2) If incidence of thrips is more, then take spray of Imidacloprid 17.8SL or Fipronil @1ml/Ltr water or Acephate 75% WP@1gm/Ltr.

Aphid: They suck sap from the leaf. They excret honey like subtance and developed sooty mold i.e blackish colour fungus on the Calyx and pods thus deteoriate quality of product.
To control take spray of Acephate 75SP@1gm/Ltr or Methyl demeton 25EC@2ml/Ltr of water. Soil application of granular insecticides viz Carbofuran, Phorat@4-8kg/acre on 15 and 60 days after transplanting were also effective.

Mite: These are widely distributed pest observed throughout the world. Nymphs and adults feed exclusively on the lower surface of the leaves. Infected leaves gives cup shape appearance. Heavy infestation results in defoliation, bud shedding and drying of leaves.
If Infestation of yellow mite is observed in field, spray of Chlorfenapyr@15ml/Ltr, Abamectin@15ml/Ltr are found effective. Mites is a serious pest and it may cause yield loss up to 80%. For effective control spray Spiromesifen 22.9SC @200ml/acre/180Ltr of water.